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韩国的LGBTQ问题:与菲利普·特纳大使的对话

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作者:海登孔雀

新西兰驻韩国大使菲利普·特纳在该国LGBTQ权利方面处于领先地位。他是韩国第一位拥有正式认可的同性配偶的外交官,也是第一位与总统会见同性伴侣的外交官,也可能是有史以来唯一一位出现在K-pop音乐录影带中的外交官。特纳大使与 Hongi 谈了韩国的多样性以及对LGBTQ社区不断变化的看法。

菲利普说:“韩国是一个相当保守的社会,尤其是在性取向问题上。”

“我们来这里已经四年了,我们几乎不认识任何’外出’的男女同性恋夫妇。除了直系亲属以外,与任何人共处是非常不寻常的,因为这太难了。”

菲利普和他的丈夫 Hiroshi 在一起已有 28 年了。当菲利普担任大使职务时,他们于2018年移居首尔。

“当我第一次到达时,我去蓝宫会见了文在寅总统,参加正式的全权证书仪式。这是你交出[diplomatic]全权证书的地方,总统会接待你 —— 一切都非常正式。

“协议是大使可以带一名家庭成员。我想 “太棒了 —— 我可以带广司来”,他们说 “不,你不能”。因为他们不承认同性伴侣之间的婚姻,所以他无法参加仪式。”

因此,菲利普独自出席了仪式。

“但是,作为新西兰,我们明确表示对此表示抗议,并说这种情况需要改变。这当然不是新西兰对待人的方式,” 菲利普说。

“值得称赞的是,韩国政府改变了主意。我怀疑穆恩总统直接参与了这个决定。”

2019年,Hiroshi获得了A1签证,这是适用于外交官配偶的签证。他是有史以来第一个获得签证的同性配偶。菲利普和宏志于2019年一起回到总统官邸,与文在寅总统会面,在此过程中创造了历史。

“特别令人欣慰的是,现在至少还有另外三位拥有公认配偶的LGBTQ大使在韩国,还有许多其他外交官能够引进同性伴侣。

“有几个人说过’谢谢,如果没有做出这个决定,我们就不会在这里’”。我希望这是韩国变得更加多元化和宽容的更广泛趋势的一部分。”

菲利普·特纳大使和池田宏司会见了当时的韩国总统文在寅和第一夫人金正淑。

国家法案,该议案已提交国民议会两年了。该法案与新西兰1993年的《人权法》相似,将禁止基于一系列标准的歧视,包括性别、宗教、种族和性取向。

“这里的LGBTQ部分在政治上特别敏感,也有很多人反对。

“即使是[President]穆恩领导下的进步政府也感到无法将其推向国民议会。它还在这里,但我们会看看新政府会发生什么。”

在今年的首尔骄傲活动中,人们对LGBTQ问题的敏感性得到了强调。组织者寻求市政府的许可,允许在一周内举办活动。尽管他们的申请没有被彻底拒绝,但只批准了一天。

“所以,这是一个折衷的决定。这让你知道当局对这个问题的看法是多么矛盾,” 菲利普说。

但是,韩国对LGBTQ社区的态度正在发生变化。皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)在2019年进行的一项民意调查显示,44%的韩国受访者认为同性恋应该被社会接受。2007年,这个数字仅为18%。对这个问题的积极回应的增加幅度超过了同期英国或加拿大的积极回答。韩国研究有限公司(Korea Research Ltd)2021年的一项民意调查显示,20多岁和30多岁的女性态度最为进步,该人群中有60%的受访者同意社会应该接受同性恋、双性恋和性别重新分配。

菲利普说,他在四年的任期内注意到了变化。

“当我第一次到达时,抗议者的人数超过了游行中的骄傲人士。今年,我认为情况恰恰相反。骄傲社区中的东西比外部要多。

“现在,我们看到韩国各地的骄傲活动如雨后春笋般涌现,现在大多数省级城市每年都会举办一次骄傲活动。”

在2018年仁川市的首次骄傲活动中,成千上万的抗议者封锁了游行队伍并对参与者进行了人身骚扰。但是,菲利普说,这种破坏程度越来越不常见了。

菲利普·特纳和池田宏司宣传新西兰参与2022年首尔酷儿文化节。

g 去看电视上更多样化的角色。例如,2020年受欢迎的电视连续剧《梨泰院课堂》以跨性别角色和非洲角色为特色。今年,第一部同性恋约会真人秀《男人的浪漫》在韩国电视台播出,尽管没有在主流频道播出。接下来是第二场节目《Marry Queer》,其中还包括约会同性恋情侣。

菲利普说:“这已经开始发生,但我认为没有我们希望的那么多,也没有你在其他国家看到的那么多。”

Philip 和 Hiroshi 在倡导接受 LGBTQ 社区方面发挥了作用。在今年的首尔骄傲活动之前,他们在新西兰住宅区举办了招待会,以支持多样性、平等和宽容。从高级政府官员到扮装皇后,将近200人出席了会议。

今年早些时候,他们在以同性恋为主题的K-pop音乐视频中露面。该视频由标志性的韩国同性恋演员和同性恋权利倡导者Hong Seok-cheon(也称为 “Top-G”)主演,其中包括菲利普和浩希在新西兰住所外牵手跳舞的场景。

菲利普说:“当这个机会出现时,我们自然必须寻求惠灵顿的批准。”

“他们就像,’好吧… 那么你想出现在一个以同性恋为主题的 K-pop 视频中吗?好吧,让我们考虑一下。’”但是,他们非常支持这个项目。

“我们认为这是一个机会,可以用有趣的方式向当代韩国观众展示现代新西兰对多元化的态度。”

菲利普说,他们在视频发布前很紧张,但反应非常积极。这引起了许多采访请求,他出现在韩国阿里郎电视台制作的K -pop Con-Tou r电视节目中。该节目制作了两个小时的以新西兰为主题的节目。

新西兰于2013年将同性婚姻合法化,这是亚太地区第一个这样做的国家。菲利普说,新西兰对多样性问题的渐进态度受到外部好评。

“人们非常感兴趣。作为大使馆,我们经常被邀请就这类问题向国民议会、媒体、研讨会发表讲话。我认为人们很欣赏新西兰有点像开拓者。”

他强调说,新西兰的旅程与韩国现在的旅程非常相似。

“当我第一次加入外交部时,男性同性恋行为在新西兰是非法的… 然后出现了一系列里程碑,包括《人权法》和我们自己在90年代初的全面反歧视立法。这促成了随后的修改,包括《公民婚姻法》(2004),然后是最终的《同性婚姻法》。在新西兰历史的每一个时刻,这些事情都是有争议的,也有很多反对意见。

在新西兰的历史上,这些事情是有争议的,也有很多反对意见。

“社会变革并不容易,所有社会都有自己的特点。今天的新西兰绝不是完美的,我们仍然面临许多挑战和问题。

“我们真正能做的就是讲述我们的故事,并希望它与韩国人目前正在经历的局势有关。但是,韩国发生的事情需要韩国人民自己决定。”

观看特纳大使主演的 “K-Pop Star” 音乐视频:

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